Time |
Characteristics |
Chief Artists and Major Works |
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Stone Age (30,000 b.c.–2500 b.c.)
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Cave paintings in the walls, fertility goddesses |
Lascaux Cave Painting, Woman of Willendorf, Stonehenge
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Mesopotamian (3500 b.c.–539 b.c.)
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Describe the events of wars which draw in stone |
Standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, Stele of Hammurabi’s Code |
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Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.)
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Pyramids and tomb painting |
Imhotep, Step Pyramid, Great Pyramids, Bust of Nefertiti |
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Greek and Hellenistic (850 b.c.–31 b.c.)
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Statue, Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions |
Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles |
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Roman (500 b.c.– a.d. 476)
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Roman realism |
Augustus of Primaporta, Colosseum, Trajan’s Column, Pantheon |
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Indian, Chinese, and Japanese(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900)
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Colorful and traditional paintings |
Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige |
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Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. 476–a.d.1453)
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Paintings more about religions:Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire
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Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra |
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Middle Ages (500–1400)
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Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic |
St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto |
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Early and High Renaissance (1400–1550)
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Rebirth of classical culture |
Ghiberti’s Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael |
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Venetian and Northern Renaissance (1430–1550)
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More focus on portrait |
Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden |
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Mannerism (1527–1580)
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Art that breaks the rules; More focus on naked |
Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini |
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Neoclassical (1750–1850)
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More on revolution |
David, Ingres, Greuze, Canova |
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Romanticism (1780–1850)
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About revolution |
Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin West |
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Realism (1848–1900)
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More real; en plein air rustic painting |
Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet |
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Impressionism (1865–1885)
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Capturing fleeting effects of natural light |
Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas |
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Post-Impressionism (1885–1910)
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Natural light |
Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat |
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Fauvism and Expressionism (1900–1935)
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Harsh colors and flat surfaces |
Matisse, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Marc |
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Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl (1905–1920)
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Pre– and Post–World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life |
Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich |
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Dada and Surrealism (1917–1950)
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Ridiculous art; painting dreams and exploring the unconscious |
Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo |
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Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s) and Pop Art (1960s)
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Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism |
Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein |
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To me art is anything that stimulates my audio and visual senses. It doesn’t matter whether it is a natural landscape, or a human creation. I enjoyed all forms of art. Reading a good book, watching a great film or TV program, an afternoon tour of the museum exhibits or camping in the wilderness are all considered nice treats for me. Art, in a broad sense, keeps me motivated to go on my otherwise boring daily routines. It is not just important to my life, it is an indispensable part of my life.
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